Dehydration Synthesis Student Exploration Gizmo, Week 1 short reply - question 6 If you had to write a paper on Title IX, what would you like to know more about? Similarly, labor needs in one area can be filled by migration or . Over time, the Portuguese became more exploitative to expand their powers. These groups included, Hunting, gathering, and small-scale agriculture, Agriculture for profit became increasingly important, Not connected to commerce in Afro-Eurasia, Comparing the American Economy Before and After the Arrival of Europeans, Video: Indentured servitude in the Americas, Unit 6: Consequences of Industrialization, 1.1B: Chinas Cultural Influence on its Neighbors, 1.2E: Governance Across the Islamic World, 1.2F: Technology and Innovation in the Islamic World, 1.3G: Cultural Developments in South and Southeast Asia, 1.3H: Governance in South and Southeast Asia, 1.6M: Agriculture and European Social Organization, 2.2B: The Rise of the Mongols and the Mongol Empire, 2.2C: The Mongols and Eurasian Trade and Communication, 2.2D: The Mongols and and Technological and Cultural Transfer, 2.3 E: The Causes of Indian Ocean Commerce, 2.3 F: The Effects of Indian Ocean Commerce, 2.3 G Indian Ocean Trade and the Monsoon Winds, 2.4 I: West African Empires and Trans-Saharan Trade, 2.5J: Cultural Consequences of Connectivity, 2.6K: Environmental Consequences of Connectivity, 3.2B: Empires Expand: Weapons and State Rivalries, 4.2B: State Support for Maritime Expansion, 4.2C: Economic Causes and Effects of European Maritime Exploration, 4.4.F: Continuities and Changes in Economic and Labor Systems, 4.4.G: Changes and Continuities in Slavery, 4.5H: Rulers Economic Strategies to Consolidate and Maintain Power, 4.5I: Continuities and Changes in Networks of Exchange, 4.5J: Changing Social Structures from 1450 to 1750, 4.5K: Expansion and Change in Existing Religions, 5.1B The Enlightenment and Movements of Liberation, 5.6G: The Governments Role in Industrialization, 5.7H: Economic Innovations and Developments in the Industrial Age, 5.8I: Reforms and modernization in Japan, China, and the Ottoman Empire, 6.2B: Japanese, Russian, and American Imperialism, 6.3C: Indigenous Responses to State Expansion, 6.4D: Global Economic Developments from 1750 to 1900, 6.5E: Economic Imperialism from 1750 to 1900, 6.6F & G: Environmental and Economic Causes of Migration, 8.1A: Setting the Stage for the Cold War and Decolonization. to which they were attached. Peter the Great built up Russian military by using peasants to serve. Required: 1. The decimation of lands and peoples made it difficult to preserve this history. Mining operations:Europeans also sought mineral wealth in the Americas. slavery was officially and effectively ended in Many tribes participated, although some sided with the English. State expansion and centralization led to resistance from an array of social, political, and economic groups on a local level. AverageHiringCost,PerHire,ByCategory. Often times, Han men would side with the Qing and carry out mass murders of Han men refusing to wear the Manchu hairstyle. The Portuguese led the way to Sub-Saharan Africa and present-day China, India, Indonesia, but their first to market advantage didnt last long. lose significance? Find an answer to your question Explain the continuities and changed in economic systems and labor systems from 1450 to 1750. maya8122 maya8122 12/16/2019 History Middle School . After their terms of service ended, most indentured servants stayed in the Americas. The second employee receives the merchandise. England was a majority Protestant country, but had a Catholic minority. What is the Protestant Reformation? Despite pre-existing Christian views that appose slavery, because of Spains and Great Britians adoption/creation of new slave systems, such as the Mita and Chattel systems, and continuation of pre-existing systems, such as the use of African women as European household workers, European states intensified their use of slavery. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Henry the Navigator, caravel, Bartholomew Dias and more. Haciendas: The Spanish often took direct control of the most productive lands from the natives and gave them to Spanish elites and noblemen. The Tokugawa Shogunate in Japan only allowed the Dutch to trade in Japan through one port. 5. Became emblematic of the loyalty, sacrifice, persistence, and honor that all good people should preserve in Japan, powerful daimyo of Edo (modern-day Tokyo), named himself shogun in 1603, initiating the most powerful and long-lasting of all Japanese shogunates. The work of harvesting cash crops and mining silver was labor intensive. b. They often represent the gradual removal of land from peasant ownership and a type of feudalistic order where the owners of would have agreements of loyalty but would retain control over the actual land. Cultural and Intellectual Developments. Besides his six marriages, Henry VIII is known for his role in the separation of the Church of England from the Roman Catholic Church, English Queen who ruled for 44 years and provided welcome stability for the kingdom and helped forge a sense of national identity, By the 1500's this was more of a union of territories. Workers often had to work dangerous and exhausting jobs like mining. Labor Systems | National Museum of American History Pre-1750 European conquerors and empire builders: The Portuguese. The Sultans ruled the top of the pyramid and had powers to grant rewards to favored groups, such as soldiers. A type of labor commonly used in feudal systems in which the laborers work the land in return for protection but they are bound to the land and are not allowed to leave or to peruse their a new occupation. Explain the continuities and changes in economic systems and labor systems from 1450-1750. As serfs, they were completely tied to the land and sold when the land sold. The Spanish established two centers of authority. Unit 4: Transoceanic Interconnections (1450-1750) - Google European chattel slavery stripped enslaved people in the Americas of all rights and viewed them no differently than chattel (a personal possession). Test. rebellions Mughal Empire tomb dedicated to a shah's wife, Hindu practice of suicide of widows by jumping on husband's pyre, Finished the process of expelling Mongols - centralized czar's power, Russian nobility, resisted attempts at modernization, Russian ruler who westernized Russia - desired warm water port. honor the empire, usually The Mughals in India were open to trade with Europeans and the, The Spanish and Portuguese divided up the lands of the Americas before they even explored or conquered any of it. At this time, wealth was measured by how much gold or silver a country had on hand. there The days' sales in inventory ratio is calculated by dividing cost of goods sold by the average merchandise Flashcards. This is also known as the. Labor systems developed and changed because of the interest in work and products. An external challenge to the state usually comes from neighboring states or other colonizing forces in the region. New Worlds in the Americas: Labor, Commerce, and the Columbian Exchange In the Americas, seven-year work contracts were common. The Tang Dynasty is known for its cosmopolitan culture, which was influenced by trade . Unit: 1450 - 1750 Renaissance and Reformation. Maybe. In Qing dynasty China, the Canton system had similar goals and limited most European merchant activity to the Southern Chinese port of Canton. Chapman uses the equity method for this investment. Continuity and Change from 1450 to 1750. or Prepare the appropriate journal entries on December 31, 2016. an Italian Jesuit priest, and one of the founding figures of the Jesuit China Mission, as it existed in the 17th-18th centuries. CONTINUITIES in global migrations from the 1450-1750 time period. Most kidnapped slaves were men, which left a gender imbalance in favor of women, especially in Ghana and Benin. How did Maritime (sea-based) Empires exert and expand their power? The Inca empire, then the Spanish Empire America Mexico, It was abolished in 1812 240 years after it This labor was short-term and only performed when men were not working on their family farms. Between 1680-1707, the Maratha rebellion continued until they killed the Mughal leader Aurangzeb. Was there a faster route going west? Europeans initially attempted to exploit indigenous peoples labor. Encomienda. Islam was still being spread. Meanwhile, the population of forced laborers increased, further expanding the wealth gap. Escaped serfs began to organize as free peasants, especially in the steppes. Indentured servitude is a form of labor where a person works for an agreed-upon time to pay back a debt or work off an upfront payment. PPTX 1453 - Loudoun County Public Schools Attempts at reform. Japan was classified as a gunpowder empire even if they weren't exactly land-based. An internal challenge to power comes from people within the state such as citizens, enslaved people, or colonies. community-driven projects like extensive In the 15th and 16th centuries, Jewish communities faced increased, Jews of Spanish descent that migrated to North Africa and the Middle East are referred to as Sephardic. In present-day New Mexico, the entire Pueblo community rebelled against the Spanish for 10 days in 1680. Europeans wanted slaves, and this led to the Atlantic Slave Trade. Production later expanded to include crops like. It is considered one of the greatest periods of peace and prosperity in Chinese history, and it is remembered for its cultural achievements and its strong and centralized government. role/purpose This was the labor system imposed upon the ryanod52. The last stand against colonization was led by Metacom, also known as his colonial name King Phillip. Colonial economies centered around mining and cash crop agriculture. William and Mary accepted joint powers with parliament and signed the English Bill of Rights. Assume that Chapman Company acquired Abernethys common stock for $490,000 in cash. Anita had (*spend*) a long evening baby-sitting the active two-year-old. Changes in Technology. They would kidnap slaves and trade them to Europeans in exchange for wealth and guns, which made local rivalries far more violent. This debt prevented them from ever leaving and reduced the indebted farmers to positions not much different from enslaved peoples. Mita under the Spanish: Under the Spanish, Mita became a system of exploitation. Demonstrated tolerance to Hindus and Rajputs and developed strong military and empire. Europeans introduced exploitative labor systems to maximize commercial profits. system? commander of the first ships to sail directly from Europe to India. Sailed for Spain and tried to complete Columbus' westward route. They could not be relocated to more profitable worksites nor bought or sold in the market. Slaves Mita Encomienda. role/pur. However, over time, much of the indigenous peoples land was stolen by whoever led the encomienda. Swift Ellis, Inc., manufactures running shoes. Evidence of the continued influence of Asian traders included the following: Asian states could limit the access of European merchants to their economies. Without the slave trade, African kingdoms would have continued to strengthen and could have prevented centuries of turmoil in the region. The Spanish, Portuguese, French, English, and Dutch had to find another route in order to remain competitive, so they invested in exploration. The Asante Empire and Kingdom of the Kongo participated in slave trade, which increased their wealth and power. with the Emancipation Manifesto (March 3rd Africa was targeted for labor in the Americas because Indigenous populations were decimated by disease and were able to escape with knowledge of the land and the ability to blend in with other Natives. contradict the hypothesis that 2\sigma^22 = 50? Economic Trends 1450-1750. During that time, however, the market in Country XYZ has outperformed all other markets, even our own. Why did the empire of Russia suddenly emerge as a gunpowder empire? The Russian Serfdom was a system similar Read through the entire project before you begin doing any work. Jewish populations descended from eastern and central Europe are called Ashkenazi. Spanish settlers in the Caribbean set up the encomienda system, a form of forced labor, in which Spaniards demanded labor from conquered Native inhabitants. Largely a kingdom of city-states that worked for mutual benefit, the Maya were able to build large temples, cities, and trade networks. Gunpowder would have violent consequences in the decades to come. Cash crop agriculture and ranching were common on haciendas, but other activities like mining also took place. There's a big difference between the rich and poor. Indigenous communities were originally enslaved, but they were not a viable long term plan for free/cheap labor. Feudalism was a social, economic, and political system that was prevalent in Europe during the Middle Ages. Coercive Labor Systems - slavery vs. other coercive labor system arrival of coffee in the 1700s and cotton and sugercane impacted the Americas hugely - Both crops requried backbreaking labor to cultivate that led to the rise and expansion oft he Atlantic . As Spanish slave owners fled, many slaves escaped and formed settlements called, The revolt in Virginia failed and had serious consequences. It started in the 11 th century and peaked between the 15 th and 18 th centuries. Unit 1: Global Tapestry. For example, gunpowder developed by the Chinese changed the method of conquest and made its way through South Asia, the Middle East, and Europe. Cross), Campbell Biology (Jane B. Reece; Lisa A. Urry; Michael L. Cain; Steven A. Wasserman; Peter V. Minorsky), Forecasting, Time Series, and Regression (Richard T. O'Connell; Anne B. Koehler), Educational Research: Competencies for Analysis and Applications (Gay L. R.; Mills Geoffrey E.; Airasian Peter W.), Biological Science (Freeman Scott; Quillin Kim; Allison Lizabeth), Brunner and Suddarth's Textbook of Medical-Surgical Nursing (Janice L. Hinkle; Kerry H. Cheever). Below the royals was a second class of the nobility, a small wealthy group that owned most of the land. rights just as a free citizen would have such During the Protestant Reformation, the Pope's authority was politically challenged. Although the adopted political traditions in China, the Qing were committed to making the Manchu culture dominant. The population was increasing and this led to more demand for resources. This is the period in Africa where European contact starts. There were more military successes. Within just a few decades, European exploration for new trade routes to Asia turned into conquest and empire-building. However, it was a process of trial and error, since labor systems saw many Labor systems grew and changed in response to the demand for labor and goods, Spanish settlers in the Caribbean set up the encomienda system, a form of forced labor, in which Spaniards demanded labor from conquered Native inhabitants, Favored Spanish immigrants to the New World forced Native Americans to work in mines, landed estates, and public works, Due to the brutality of this system, Spanish officials changed it to the repartimiento system, in which Natives were forced to provide labor for Spanish projects, but for a limited amount of time for which they were compensated, Ultimately this system was unsustainable, which led Europeans to develop the slave trade, Europeans adapted and expanded the African slave trade, using Africans to work in forced labor in the New World, By the 1500s, when Portugal began exploring the west coast of Africa, tribes had already been engaged in slave trade for hundreds of years, African tribes kidnapped members of other tribes and sold them into slavery to Europeans, who shipped them to the Americas on the deadly Middle Passage, Most slaves were sent to the Caribbean to replace other slaves who died under the brutal conditions; a comparably small amount of slaves was sent to North and South America, Slaves were put to work growing cash crops (sugar, tobacco, cotton, and coffee), the profits of which ultimately benefited European powers, Europeans then sold manufactured goods such as guns to African tribes offering slaves, and the trade began again, The collapse of major empires could lead European powers to establish hierarchical labor systems in which peasants were bound to provide labor, Following the collapse of the Mongol Empire, Russia developed a system of serfdom to maintain the wealth of the small nobility and monarchy; serfs, or peasants, were forced to work on large estates, Serfs typically lived together in communes, which provided extended kin networks to help workers survive under harsh conditions, In 1649, the Russian government legally bound serfs to nobles and the tsar, or king. Frost responds with the following comments: a. Attachment. Finally, Europeans built massive military strength because of trade profits and access to new weapons. in debt to continue working on a piece of The slave trade and the use trade such as the triangular trade were very common during this time-period due to the rise in plantations, causing a diverse region in South America. The work agreements were often signed willingly by people who wanted to go to the Americas but could not afford the journey. 18th century, but in September of 1721, Over Encomienda labor, Ch DBQ #3 Evaluate the extent to which states in the period 14501750 practiced religious tolerance, Causation in European Exploration Activity 1, Managing Engaging Learning Environments (D095), Educational Psychology and Development of Children Adolescents (D094), Success Strategies for Online Learning (SNHU107), Medical/Surgical Nursing Concepts (NUR242), Health-Illness Concepts Across the Lifespan I (NUR 1460C), Concepts Of Maternal-Child Nursing And Families (NUR 4130), Legal Issues in Information Security (C 841), Financial Statement Analysis/Business Valuation (ACC345), Maternity and Pediatric Nursing (NUR 204), Professional Application in Service Learning I (LDR-461), Advanced Anatomy & Physiology for Health Professions (NUR 4904), Principles Of Environmental Science (ENV 100), Operating Systems 2 (proctored course) (CS 3307), Comparative Programming Languages (CS 4402), Business Core Capstone: An Integrated Application (D083), A&P II Chapter 21 Circulatory System, Blood Vessels, General Chemistry I - Chapter 1 and 2 Notes, Logica proposicional ejercicios resueltos. Not "intended" to be slave system, but essentially was. What happened to the Roman Catholic Church during the Protestant Reformation? Freedom was nearly unattainable. 4. Frost's investment adviser has recommended an increased international equity exposure. 3. The spread of Islam into East Asia. 4. to slavery except for the slaves (more or less Their white skin gave them privileged positions over native and African peoples. The conquistadors claimed and discovered lands in the names of their empires (mostly for Spain) Portuguese were preoccupied with interests in Africa and Asia (trading post empires) Viceroys appointed to administer Brazil. AP World History UNIT 4 REVIEW1450-1750 - YouTube AP World History: Modern Period 1 Notes (1200-1450) Based on past poor performance, I want to sell all my remaining international equity securities once their market prices rise to equal their original cost. Term. : an American History (Eric Foner), Principles of Environmental Science (William P. Cunningham; Mary Ann Cunningham), Psychology (David G. Myers; C. Nathan DeWall), Business Law: Text and Cases (Kenneth W. Clarkson; Roger LeRoy Miller; Frank B. The following graph illustrates the combination of capital and labor (point A) that minimizes the firms cost of producing 5,000 pairs of shoes. A worker bound by a voluntary agreement to work for a specified period of years often in return for free passage to an overseas destination. The Atlantic Slave Trade was expanded to supply labor throughout the colonies. Slave Rebellions and the Civil War were the Slowed population growth also weakened economic production. Topic 4.5 Slave Systems in the Americas. Unit 4: Labor Systems, 1450 - 1750 C. Encomienda Chattel Slavery Russian Serfdom Define the labor system Include the general role/purpose Were there revolts or rebellions associated with it? The most dramatic social changes happened in the Americas because of the influx of Europeans, decimation of Indigenous, and explosion of the African slave trade. What were the causes and impacts of the Columbian Exchange? The. No other European merchants could enter Japanthose that tried were executed. Newly developed colonial economies in the Americas largely depended on agriculture, utilized existing labor systems, including the Incan mita, and introduced new labor systems including chattel slavery, indentured servitude, and encomienda and hacienda systems. Portuguese prince who was responsible for the early development of European exploration and maritime trade with other continents, Portuguese ship that was small but strong. The Printing Press. Sold as goods. In the Inca Empire, the government required citizens to provide labor to the state each year (mita). 2023 Fiveable Inc. All rights reserved. Different treatment for different children also must be taken into account when considering how a person's gender helps to determine personality. In the Spanish and Portuguese colonies, things were different. These new markets were profitable, but could only be sustained with a lot of cheap or free labor. **Example 1**. They were called Cossacks. Stark black does not *(compliment, complement)* everyones complexion. Armies grew and warfare technology advanced. Write AAA over the verb if the verb is in the active voice and PPP if it is in the passive voice. Commercial capitalism, the trading system of the early modern economy. 3. The work included various tasks like growing food for those who lived in cities, building food storage, or repairing infrastructure. #traderace. Many of the core areas of the West transformed; governments increased their powers, science became the focus of intellectual life. Moreover, the lord could choose freely among serfs for army recruits, who had to serve for twenty-five years, and he could punish a serf with deportation to Siberia. Learn faster with . Topic 4.7 - Changing Social Hierarchies from 1450-1750; Topic 4.8 - Continuity and Change from 1450 to 1750; Unit 4 Unit 4: Transoceanic Connections, 1450 - 1750 Topic 4.8 - Continuity and Change . general Q. If you controlled one of these territories, you were legally allowed to force indigenous people to pay taxes, work for you, or provide other goods or services. Enslaved Africans were reduced to nothing more than a product to be bought, sold, and treated no better than animals. Despite some disruption and restructuring due to the arrival of Portuguese, Spanish, and Dutch merchants, existing trade networks in the Indian Ocean continued to flourish and included intra-Asian trade and Asian merchants. The state with the most access to trade could be the most powerful. AP World Notes Unit 1: Europe (1200-1450 | Fiveable Families were separated and there was a gender imbalance because more men were taken than women. It was based on the holding of land in exchange for service or labor. Asian merchants continued to trade most goods across Asian maritime networks. In the Americas, the Spanish established the e, Meanwhile, the silver trade was insanely profitable for the Spanish and the mines at. This is whats known as the. When was this Before 1450, Europeans did not play a prominent role on the global stage, but after 1450, Europeans were the main puppeteers of the global economy. A grant of land made by Spain to a settler as an indentured servant in the Americas and Philippines, including the right to use Native Americans as . The English. A contract 2 individuals sign in which one This is why the ancient civilizations are so fascinating because they all developed similar structures without knowing about each other. New World Labor Systems: European Indentured Servants (p.838), AP World History Unit 4: Transoceanic Interco, AP World History Unit 3: Land-Based Empires, AP World History Unit 2: Networks of Exchange, Eric Hinderaker, James A. Henretta, Rebecca Edwards, Robert O. Self, John Lund, Paul S. Vickery, P. Scott Corbett, Todd Pfannestiel, Volker Janssen, Getting More out of the Internet- Chapter Five. The original intent of the system was to served as transmitters of science and technology to China, group of samurai who were left leaderless; avenged their master's honor. Towns were replenished following the Bubonic Plague as Europeans got into mercantilism. Frost's adviser is familiar with behavioral finance concepts but prefers a traditional or standard finance approach (modern portfolio theory) to investments. What AP World History: Modern Period 2 Notes (1450-1750) - Kaplan Test Prep Most of the native literature, art, and languages were completely destroyed, which left very few primary sources from before 1450. The owners of these lands turned them into large estates called haciendas for economic production. state/empire Video Guide - Unit 4 WHAP Review (c. 1450-1750 CE)Transoceanic Interconnections System? Topic 4.8 - Continuity and Change from 1450 to 1750 - AP World History His defeat of the Inca epitomizes the advantages which the Europeans had over the Amerindians, The last Incan Emperor before the Spanish conquered the Inca, reform movement led by Martin Luther, John Calvin, and others that divided Christianity, German priest and professor who started the Protestant Reformation through his 95 Theses, List of criticisms with the Catholic Church that started the Protestant Reformation, Created a branch of Christianity that centered around the idea of predestination, period of Catholic revival beginning with the Council of Trent in response to the Protestant Reformation, group of people that participated in the Catholic Reformation that brought some people back to the Catholic Church, granted tolerance to the Protestants in France in 1598, war between Protestants and Catholics in Germany (broke out in 1618), Civil War in England that resulted in the King of England losing much of his power, new vision of science (developed during 17th and 18th centuries); relied on reason, Polish astronomer who developed a heliocentric theory of the Solar System, Italian astronomer who improved the telescope and supported Copenicus' views on the Solar System, described basic principles of motion and gravity, doctrine that a monarch derives his or her power directly from God, The king of France from 1643-1715. In the period 900 to 1500 C.E., the Ottomans and the Aztecs were similar in that both peoples were. Match. PDF ANSWERS Unit 4 Review Heimler's History WHAP Video Guide However, in the 17th century, the, In fear of minority rule, Hindu warriors called the Marathas rebelled. While mining was not new in the Americas, Europeans took control of mineral wealth and exported most of it back to Europe. Europeans created various systems of forced labor and slavery within their colonial economies. Unit 4 - Labor Systems Graphic Organizer 1450-1750 - Name - StuDocu general Safavid Empire was falling apart and the Ottoman Empire declined due to economic factors. The demographic effects of the slave trade in Africa were unprecedented. The system became so oppressive the Spanish officially abolished the system in 1720. Serfs were obliged to furnish labor services or money payments as the lord saw fit. His rule is seen as the epitome of absolutist monarchy, limited monarchy (constitutional monarchy). The Columbian Exchange also had an enormous effect on the environment. William of Orange was backed by Protestants to overthrow him. European colonizers who traveled to the Americas blazed new and disturbing paths, such as the encomienda system of forced labor and the use of tens of thousands of Africans as slaves.
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